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1992-11-06
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#EF
#T15,4,401 (k) PLANS VERSUS ALTERNATIVES
#C3,R5
401 (k) PLANS VERSUS ALTERNATIVES
About 90% of US companies sponsor tax-advantaged savings plans, referred
to as 401(k) plans after the section of the IRS tax code that authorizes such
plans. In these, an employee contributes a part of his wages and the employer
(often) matches part or all of the employee's contribution. Taxes on the
employer's contribution and on all the earnings of the 401k account are
deferred until the money is withdrawn. (There is, however, a 10% penalty on
any withdrawal before age 59-1/2).
Because the employer's contribution is, in effect, extra wages, and because
taxes are deferred, 401k plans are very attractive means of saving.
Common advice is, therefore,(1) to contribute as much to these plans as you
are allowed (and can afford) before placing any savings for retirement in
any other investment, but (2), because of the early withdrawal penalty, to
avoid putting in money that you may need before age 59-1/2.
#WP
%
#EW
#C3,R4
A CAUTIONARY NOTE
However, depending on the details of your employer's specific plan and of
your own alternative savings plans, that advice may not be right for you. For
example, it may be better to participate only up to the extent to which the
company contributes matching funds, and not to the maximum extent allowable.
Further, (and depending on when you may need your money before age 59-1/2),
the 401k may still be the better choice despite the early withdrawal penalty.
The program provided herein allows you to compare your 401k plan with any
alternate savings plan you may have available to you, as well as to compare
various levels of 401k savings, in order to determine how to best utilize
your particular company's plan.
#HS,1,20,80,24,0,3
~Z~cNOTE: You may also be eligible to participate in an IRA plan (also highly
tax-advantaged) but unable to afford full participation in both your
401k plan and an IRA plan. This program can also be used to compare
your 401k and IRA plans to help you determine how best to allocate
your available savings between the two plans.~N
#WP
%
#EW
#T15,4,IRAs VERSUS ALTERNATIVES
#C3,R5
IRAs VERSUS ALTERNATIVES
An IRA (Individual Retirement Account) is another very attractive
tax-advantaged way to save for retirement.
Under current tax law, each wage-earner is allowed to contribute up to $2000
each year to such a plan. Depending on his/her total salary and tax-filing
status, all or part of such contribution is tax-free in the year contributed.
Further, earnings on IRA accounts are tax-free until the funds are withdrawn.
(But, there is usually a 10% penalty on funds withdrawn before age 59-1/2.)
The deferred tax feature makes IRAs very attractive savings plans.
#HS,8,21,72,23,0,3
#C10
~Z~cCommon financial advice is to contribute as much as the law
allows (and you can afford) to an IRA plan, unless you will
need the money before age 59-1/2.)~N
#WP
%
#EW
#C3,R5
Nonetheless, depending on the details of your own specific IRA plan and of
any alternative savings plan available to you, this advice may not be best
for you. (The "best" choice is here taken to mean the one that accumulates
the largest after-tax balance at the time of withdrawal).
The IRA analysis program in THE FINANCIAL PLANNER assists you in comparing
an IRA plan with any alternative savings plan. You can determine which
would accumulate the largest after-tax balance at your retirement age; and
you can also determine which would provide the largest after-tax balance
at withdrawal time, should you have to withdraw funds in any earlier year.
You can see a sample analysis by simply running the program with the initial
data displayed when the program is selected.
#HS,1,20,80,24,0,3
~Z~cNote: You may also be eligible to participate in a 401K savings plan (also
highly tax-advantaged) but unable to afford full participation in the
401K and in an IRA. The 401k Analysis program can be used to compare
your 401K and IRA plans to help you determine how best to allocate
your available funds between the two plans.~N
#WP
#X